| A |
aerial photography |
- photographs taken from the air by a plane
- shows what the land looks like
- often used to show urban areas (cities)
and rural areas (farms)
|
| |
atlas |
- a book of maps is called an atlas
- In mythology, Atlas was a Titan who was defeated
in battle by the Greek gods. His punishment for loosing was to hold
the world on his shoulders. Since many of the old books of maps had
drawings of Atlas holding up the world, these books of maps became
known as atlases.
|
| B |
base map |
- base map shows the basic shape of the area or its
borders
- mainly a simple outline map that can be used to
add other information to
|
| |
birds eye view |
- what something would look like when looked at
from above - like a bird flying over something
- most maps are drawn as if seen from above - they
are flat - or 2 dimensional
|
| |
boundary |
- a boundary is the line that separates one area
from another
- the boundary of a country or a province is called
a border
- boundaries and borders are found on
political maps
- borders are often shown on all maps so that
people can figure out who owns what land
- through history, country borders change as
the size and shape of countries change due to war or
peace agreements
|
| C |
cardinal directions |
- the main directions are north, south, east and
west
|
| |
cartographer |
- a person who makes maps is a cartographer
- the science of making maps is called cartography
|
| |
city map |
- shows the streets in a city
- has an index that lists the street names in
alphabetical order
- location shown with grid coordinates
- symbols used for common buildings like schools,
libraries, museums, churches
|
| |
climate |
- climate is what the weather is like over a long
period of time
- precipitation (rainfall, snow), temperature,
sunshine, wind
|
| |
compass rose |
- a compass rose shows the cardinal directions of
north (N), south (S), east (E) and west (W) as well as the
intermediate directions of northeast (NE), northwest (NW), southeast
(SE) and southwest (SW)
|
| |
contour map |
- contour maps show how high the land is
- lines are drawn along areas of equal height,
usually about 1000 meters apart
- different colours in the key show what the height
of the land is
|
| D |
directions |
- when talking about directions on a map, people
use the terms north, south, east and west
- when giving directions over a short distance,
most people use left, right and straight ahead
|
| E |
Earth |
- the proper name for our world, notice that it is
capitalized
|
| |
equator |
- the imaginary line that wraps around the middle
of the the globe
|
| F |
floor plan |
- the name of a map of a room
- used for the inside of buildings
- what the room layout looks like as seen from
above
|
| G |
geographic information |
- information about the land such as physical
features, vegetation (plants), animals, climate (weather), land use,
where people live
|
| |
globe |
- a model of the earth
- a 3-D map of where the land and water is on earth
- usually also shows the borders / boundaries of
countries
|
| |
grid coordinates |
- some maps use letters and numbers to find
different things on a map
- grid coordinates are used on street maps, in the
game Battleship and on treasure maps
|
| H |
|
|
| I |
imperial measurement |
- in the United States, the imperial or English
system of measurement is still used
- inch (in),
foot (ft), mile (mi)
- since many books are printed in the US, maps
often have distances on them in imperial measurement
- since Canada used to have imperial measurement
before 1970, and since the laws to convert Canada fully to the
metric system are not in place, many people and businesses in Canada
still use both imperial and metric units
- a ruler is about 30 cm or 12 inches long
- 1 mile = 1.6 kilometer
|
| |
index |
- an index in an atlas is found at the back
- it is an alphabetical listing of place names
which often tells what kind of thing the place is (city, capital
city, country, province, lake, mountain, river etc)
- in the index it states the page the map is on as
well as the grid coordinates or latitude and
longitude location
|
| |
intermediate directions |
- these are the directions between N, S E, W -
namely northeast (NE), northwest (NW), southeast (SE) and southwest
(SW)
|
| |
isometric map |
- this is a map that is drawn with some 3-D
features to make the map feel more like a picture than a flat
drawing
- it looks like you are half way up a tall building
looking sideways and down at the area of the map
|
| J |
|
|
| K |
key |
- a box on a map that has symbols in it showing
items on the map
- like a legend
|
| L |
label |
- labels on maps need to printed only
- printing should mainly be horizontal, though a
few vertical labels are acceptable
- rivers can be labeled along the natural line of
the river
|
| |
latitude |
- imaginary horizontal lines on a globe that are
parallel to the equator
- lines of latitude run east to west on maps
- the equator is the longest line and is at 0°
- the North Pole is 90°N, the South Pole
is 90°S
- every line going north and south are shorter than
the equator
- some special latitude lines are the:
equator (0°), Tropic of Cancer (23°N), Tropic of
Capricorn (23°S), Arctic Circle (66.5°N), Antarctic
Circle (66.5°S)
|
| |
legend |
- a box on a map that has symbols in it showing
items on the map
- like a key
|
| |
longitude |
- imaginary vertical lines on a globe that go from
the North Pole to the South Pole
- lines of longitude run north to south on
maps
- all lines of longitude are the same length
- the Prime Meridian is at 0° and runs
through Greenwich in London, England
- The International Date Line is opposite
the Prime Meridian, is at 180° in the Pacific Ocean and this is
where the date changes
|
| M |
map |
- a flat drawing that show where things are
- it doesn't show exactly what is there - like a
drawing
- a map is much smaller than the real thing
|
| |
metric measurement |
- in Canada we use the metric system of measuring
distance
- centimeters (cm),
meters (m), kilometers (km)
- since Canada used to have imperial measurement
before 1970, and since the laws to convert Canada fully to the
metric system are not in place, many people and businesses in Canada
still use both imperial and metric units
|
| N |
natural resources map |
- natural resources are things found in nature that
people use to make things
- some natural resources are things like forests,
minerals, building stones,
fish
|
| |
north |
- the top of maps are north
- the top of a globe of the Earth is the North Pole
- north is always up on a map
|
| O |
outline map |
- an outline shows the boundaries of
something like a country, province or region
- the lines that make up the outline are not
visible on the land unless someone built a fence there
- these boundary lines on a map are political
boundaries or borders
- boundaries show who controls or owns what land
|
| P |
physical map |
- a map that shows physical features such as the
shape of the land, rivers, lakes, mountains, valleys
- also known as a
topographic map
- different kinds of physical map are:
relief map, contour map
|
| |
political map |
- a map that shows borders between countries
or provinces
- the lines show what land belongs to what area
- political boundaries are international
(between countries), national (the borders of a particular
country), provincial (borders of a province)
|
| |
population map |
- population is the number of people who live in an
area
- population density
refers to how crowded the people are - how many people live in a
certain area
|
| |
product map |
- a product map shows where people make things in
large quantities that other people use,
manufacturing activities
- some activities are farming, mining,
pulp & paper
|
| Q |
|
|
| R |
relief map |
- using colour, a relief map shows where the
mountains and valley are
- brown shows mountains
- a kind of physical map
|
| |
residential |
- an area where there are many houses that people
live in
|
| |
road map |
- a map that shows the roads and highways in an
area
- used to find your way around when driving in a
car
|
| |
rural community |
- a place where people live close to farms and the
countryside
- rural communities have small populations and are
called villages, hamlets, communities, counties
|
| S |
satellite photography |
- photographs taken from space taken by a satellite
- shows what the land looks like, often has clouds
showing
- used daily for weather forecasting
- shows large areas of land
- often country borders are drawn on the photograph
to help people figure out where things are
- since satellites circle the globe continually,
these photographs work well to show changes over a period of time
|
| |
scale |
- scale is a line that represents a certain
distance
- helps you figure out how far something is away
from somewhere else on a map
- some scale lines are metric, some are
imperial and some scale lines show both
- a ruler is used to read scale on a map and to
figure out the distanc between 2 spots
|
| |
site plan |
- the name of a map of an outdoor space like a park
or house property
|
| |
symbol |
- a small picture that stands for something
on a map
- eg weather symbols like clouds, sun,
raindrops, snowflakes
- some symbols are shapes like circles,
triangles, squares
- eg the size and colour of dots tell you
something about the cities they represent
- some symbols are colours
- eg blue for water, brown for mountains, green
for forests or valleys
- different countries side by side are often
different colours
- some symbols are lines
- lines can be different colours, dotted lines,
or different thicknesses
|
| T |
table |
- a chart or graphic organizer that lists some
information in columns
- many maps have a table on it with lists of cities
showing other information about the cities as well
|
| |
thematic maps |
- maps are created to give different types of
information, are on different themes
- each map needs a title which tells the
view the main point of the map
- each map needs a date so that one can tell
when that information was accurate
- each map needs an author to indicate who
drew it
- when information was used to create a thematic
map, then the source of the information used to make the map
should also be indicated
|
| |
three-dimensional |
- 3-D, has a shape
like a globe
- something that takes up space, has length, width
and depth
|
| |
time zones |
- since it takes 24 hours for the Earth to rotate
on its axis, there are 24 hours in a day
- since noon is when the sun is at its highest
point in the sky, the Earth is divided into 24 time zones
- although the globe could be sliced into 24
"slices" like an orange, the time zones go zig-zag in places to
follow political boundaries
- each time zone is one hour different from the one
next to it
|
| |
transportation routes |
- routes: rail (trains), roads (cars, trucks),
water (ships, boats), air (planes)
|
| |
two-dimensional |
- 2-D, flat
like a map
- something that has length and width
|
| U |
urban community |
- a place where many people live close together
like a city or a town
|
| V |
|
|
| W |
water bodies |
|
| |
waterway |
|
| |
weather map |
- a map that shows what the weather is like in a
certain area
- often seen in daily newspaper, on the news and
weather channel on TV
- some weather symbols are clouds, sun, raindrops,
snowflakes, wind
|
| |
world map |
|
| X |
|
|
| Y |
|
|
| Z |
|
|